1 Kings 20:42

Authorized King James Version

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And he said unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Because thou hast let go out of thy hand a man whom I appointed to utter destruction, therefore thy life shall go for his life, and thy people for his people.

Original Language Analysis

אָמַ֣ר And he said H559
אָמַ֣ר And he said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 18
to say (used with great latitude)
אֵלָ֗יו H413
אֵלָ֗יו
Strong's: H413
Word #: 2 of 18
near, with or among; often in general, to
כֹּ֚ה H3541
כֹּ֚ה
Strong's: H3541
Word #: 3 of 18
properly, like this, i.e., by implication, (of manner) thus (or so); also (of place) here (or hither); or (of time) now
אָמַ֣ר And he said H559
אָמַ֣ר And he said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 4 of 18
to say (used with great latitude)
יְהוָ֔ה the LORD H3068
יְהוָ֔ה the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 5 of 18
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
יַ֛עַן H3282
יַ֛עַן
Strong's: H3282
Word #: 6 of 18
properly, heed; by implication, purpose (sake or account); used adverbially to indicate the reason or cause
שִׁלַּ֥חְתָּ Because thou hast let go H7971
שִׁלַּ֥חְתָּ Because thou hast let go
Strong's: H7971
Word #: 7 of 18
to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 8 of 18
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
אִישׁ a man H376
אִישׁ a man
Strong's: H376
Word #: 9 of 18
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
חֶרְמִ֖י whom I appointed to utter destruction H2764
חֶרְמִ֖י whom I appointed to utter destruction
Strong's: H2764
Word #: 10 of 18
physical (as shutting in) a net (either literally or figuratively); usually a doomed object; abstractly extermination
מִיָּ֑ד out of thy hand H3027
מִיָּ֑ד out of thy hand
Strong's: H3027
Word #: 11 of 18
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
וְהָֽיְתָ֤ה H1961
וְהָֽיְתָ֤ה
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 12 of 18
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
נַפְשׁ֔וֹ shall go for his life H5315
נַפְשׁ֔וֹ shall go for his life
Strong's: H5315
Word #: 13 of 18
properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment
תַּ֣חַת H8478
תַּ֣חַת
Strong's: H8478
Word #: 14 of 18
the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc
נַפְשׁ֔וֹ shall go for his life H5315
נַפְשׁ֔וֹ shall go for his life
Strong's: H5315
Word #: 15 of 18
properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment
עַמּֽוֹ׃ and thy people H5971
עַמּֽוֹ׃ and thy people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 16 of 18
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
תַּ֥חַת H8478
תַּ֥חַת
Strong's: H8478
Word #: 17 of 18
the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc
עַמּֽוֹ׃ and thy people H5971
עַמּֽוֹ׃ and thy people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 18 of 18
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

Analysis & Commentary

And he said unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Because thou hast let go out of thy hand a man whom I appointed to utter destruction, therefore thy life shall go for his life, and thy people for his people.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of ahab's wars with syria, within the book's focus on prophetic ministry of Elijah confronting Baalism.

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

Historical Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. Elijah's ministry (c. 860-850 BCE) occurred during Ahab's reign, a time of intense spiritual crisis in Israel.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

Questions for Reflection

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